Business Law Essay Example for Free

Business Law Essay Thought is a fundamental component of a substantial agreement. The four principle element of an agreement is the offer, the acknowledgment, the thought and the aim to make lawful connection. Thought alludes to what one gathering to an understanding is giving or promising in return for what is being given or guaranteed by the other contracting party. There are sure guidelines that oversee a legitimate contract.The issue for the situation is whether the understanding was lawfully official upon Dream Design or whether it fizzled for need of thought. On the off chance that the guarantee only satisfies a current legally binding obligation to the promisor, he doesn't give thought to purchase the purchase promisor’s guarantee. The crates were to be conveyed by An and a rate was settled upon between the gathering. After the primary conveyance A requested more cash from K before making any further conveyances to W. K reluctantly consented to pay the additional cash and A proceeded with the conveyance. Later on K wouldn't pay the additional cash to An and A sued K. It was held that A had not offered thought to K to purchase K’s guarantee of additional cash. A couldn't state that making the conveyance was the thought, as A was will undoubtedly make these conveyances under the first agreement. With the instance of Dream Design the thought won't be adequate where an authoritatively obligation as of now exist. The truth of the matter is that Parma Steel and Dream Design conceded to a composed agreement dated October 22, 2009 for the gracefully of manufactured steel at an expense of $165 per ton for â€Å"Grade60,000 and $156 per ton for â€Å"Hard Grade. † For this situation Parma Steel couldn't state that making the conveyances was the thought, as Parma Steel was at that point authoritatively bound to make these conveyances under t he unique agreement. As per Tucker J. there was no thought for the new understanding. The offended party was at that point obliged to convey the respondent products at the rates concurred under the details of the first understanding. The realities established monetary pressure yet the court needs to decline to uphold the new understanding for the expansion in the costs or the higher charges as it did not have any new thought from the buyer, Dream Design. The provider, Parma Steel guarantee for the exceptional equalization must be excused.

Optimism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Idealism - Essay Example Besides, the investigation infers that regardless of its inclination, parts, and roots, good faith has amazingly positive effect on human life and conditions. Characterizing Optimism Anthropologist, Lionel Tiger characterizes positive thinking as â€Å"a disposition or mentality related with an assumption regarding the social or material future-one which the evaluator views as socially attractive, to his [or her] advantage, or for his [or her] pleasure† (18 qtd. in Peterson 44).On the other hand, confidence is credited to be a feeling of individual control, and capacity to recognize significance in one’s own background. Good faith is an important mental asset which is for some time accepted to be related with emotional well-being (Frankle, 1963; Seligman, 1998; Taylor, 1989 qtd. in Taylor et al. 99).Such mental assets become critical when people are presented to testing or compromising events (Taylor 1164).These assets fill in as stores which empowers individuals to ada pt to troublesome circumstances in an effective way (Taylor et al. 99).Theorists Scheier and Carver(1985) alluded confidence as a summed up expectation that great when contrasted with terrible will happen an individual defies issue in vital areas of life(qtd. in Franken 476). By and large, the possibility of hopefulness alludes to an individual’s generally speaking positive methodology towards life and what it brings to the table. Organic Component of Optimism Lionel Tiger (1979) advances the natural clarification of idealism. He keeps up that in early days, when human left backwoods, being trackers they needed to confront passing and wounds consistently. Since human psyche is slanted towards gaining from encounters, he deserted the assignments related with negative outcomes. In this manner, it is organic adaption for people to build up an essential feeling of positive thinking. Besides, Tiger contends that when human body is harmed, it discharges endorphins. By and large, en dorphins have two qualities; pain relieving traits which diminishes the sentiment of torment, and sentiments of rapture. People are organically versatile to constructive feelings when harmed so as to prop the procedure up (chasing) due to our ancestors’ encounters, along these lines, good faith is a characteristic which is instigated naturally (Franken 1994, qtd. in Dunavold 4). A few scholars accept that hopefulness is a character attribute instead of a feeling. They view positive thinking as an inalienable demeanor which implies that individuals are innately idealistic or skeptical ( Dunavold 4). Learned Component of Optimism Many analysts accepted that confidence is a perspective which can be scholarly. As Martin Seligman’s thought of scholarly idealism, notwithstanding Daniel Goleman affirm that the idea that both expectation and confidence can be educated. He recognizes that self-adequacy prompts trust and idealistic view throughout everyday life. Self-adequacy al ludes to the conviction that one has power over life occasions and his capacity to address the difficulties as they show up throughout everyday life (qtd. in Dunavold 4). Nonetheless, Dunavold can't help contradicting the hypothesis and states that, â€Å"... hopefulness can (not) be educated. Dr. Seligman’s strategy for training good faith depends intensely on dynamic manners of thinking which I accept is to a greater degree an intellectual activity...Optimism can (not) be fortified or smothered. Additionally†¦

7 Bookish People Youll Meet In College

7 Bookish People Youll Meet In College The New Beginnings Book Lover College can be a time to reinvent yourself. Regardless of who you were in high school, you can be a brand new you when you get to campus. Many people use this opportunity to go from non-readers to readers. Maybe they’ve always been curious about reading but were peer pressured out of it in high school, maybe they’re just feeling extra academic because they just arrived at University. Either way, they’re looking for recommendations and a friend to talk to about the brand new worlds they’re finally discovering. They’re probably reading Harry Potter for the first time…and they are why spoiler alerts for Harry Potter still exist. The Academic You kind of get the sense that if this person could just put the books under their pillow and get the information via osmosis, they would. There’s not whole lot of love for the act of reading from this person and they’ve got a highly niche and specialized bookshelf. However, if you want to read interesting nonfiction, they will be more than happy to loan you their annotated copy of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. The Homesick Homebody They’ve gone home every weekend and when they’re not texting their friends and family from back home, they’re reading books that remind them of their hometown. You’d like to reach out to them and make friends but you can only hear about their mom’s home cooking so many times. They ask if you want to read Inside Out And Back Again by Thanhha Lai and you want to, but are a little concerned a book about not feeling at home somewhere will make their homesickness worse. The Social Activist They don’t just quote parts of Roxanne Gay’s Bad Feminist; they’ve got the whole book memorized. They came to college ready battle for social justice and it’s infectious and a little intimidating. You are all fired up to help in any way you can, but before the next protest you brush up on your Ta-Nehisi Coates essays because you want to be able to hold your own in a conversation with this knowledgeable activist. The History Buff You sometimes wonder if this person is aware that books that aren’t about the World Wars even exist. They knew they were going to major in history since they were five and have been studying ever since. The only piece of fiction they enjoy is Anthony Doerr’s All the Light We Cannot See, which is a good book but they never want to talk about the story, they just want to talk about whether or not he got the details of war right. The Nihilist They are always reading but it’s never for class. In fact, you can’t remember the last time this person went to class. You’re not even really sure they’re enrolled in your school, but they’ve been seen in a café late at night reading Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev. They might be a genius but mostly when you try to talk to them about what they’re reading they stare deep into your eyes and simply ask, “Why?” The Bookish Soulmate You were in the book store looking for something new to read. Just as you were reaching for Nalo Hopkinson  Falling In Love With Hominids you looked up and made eye contact with the person next to you. You spent two hours exploring the book store together and comparing notes and reactions on various books. They’re your forever book friend. When you can’t believe how stupid a character is being you pester them into reading the book with you so you have someone that understands. They’ve recommended to you all of your favorite books and you’ve opened each other’s eyes to whole new genres you never knew you loved.

Literature Review For A Password - 1674 Words

Literature Review for a Password Reuse Construct to Simplify User Demands The need for a new password comes up often as we are always finding new websites that pique our interest or for some new â€Å"secure† application at work. Yet articles are constantly warning us if we ever reuse a password it can cause a â€Å"domino effect† where all our critical information can be accessed by hackers (Ives, Walsh, Schneider, 2004). With all of these conflicting pressures, is it any wonder many users feel at wits end with passwords? Research Domain Cyber security issues are very real. Unauthorized bank account access is unacceptable. Still, the number passwords users need seems to grow daily as does complexity for them. Additionally, users are†¦show more content†¦If users are able to segment their lives based on security needs, then one or two passwords may be sufficient for each security area. Therefore, is password reuse a dangerous security practice by users or can it be an effective management tool for too many passwords? Research Context The pace and complexity of users lives seem to increase yearly. Users have more of everything to manage, and this is especially true of passwords. Adams and Sasse (1999) actually found users developing their own questionable schemas for creating and managing multiple passwords. However, should this be surprising? Users have been given the aforementioned password â€Å"rules† the average person cannot hope to follow. Yet, users must have passwords. What else can users do but â€Å"bend† the rules? Still, this exposes them to danger as they do not understand the risks associated with their practices. While users may have dozens of passwords, the facets of life are not as complex. The categories of personal finances, work, and recreation account for most user needs. Similarly, the dangers users face are similar for each area. For example, the primary work concern could be industrial espionage.

Literary Scholarship And Criticism Of Shakespeare s The...

Shakespeare critic and Harvard literature professor, Harold Bloom, asserts that Shakespeare is the metaphorical â€Å"inventor of man.† Bloom writes: The plays remain the outward limit of human achievement: aesthetically, cognitively, in certain ways morally, even spiritually. They abide beyond the end of the mind’s reach, we cannot catch up to them. Shakespeare will go on explaining us, in part because, he invented us† (pp. 19-20). Bloom’s audacious evaluation of Shakespeare has been echoed throughout the canon of literary scholarship and criticism. In fact, Bloom’s â€Å"invention† thesis, found in Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human, represents a culmination of centuries of teaching and reflection upon the famous English poet’s craft. This†¦show more content†¦Hamlet: The Prince of Denmark is a hallmark example of Shakespeare’s contemplation of social tolerance and equity in the exploration of human sociology. In this play, we see the malignant ambition of newly throned King Claudius, the questionable decision-making of Queen Gertrude, and the emotionally-preying and encompassing force of murdered King Hamlet’s ghost, construct the grounds for contemplation of human drama; this contemplation is essentially distilled and literally embodied by the character of Prince Hamlet. Moreover, the â€Å"truth,† hidden at the onset of this play, sets the inter nal and external conflict for Prince Hamlet as well as the figurative stage for a study of human character and action, or alternatively, ego and power. Prince Hamlet’s own ego is festered by the crime against his father: a murder committed by Hamlet’s ambitious uncle, Claudius, whose own ego has led him down a the path of a usurper. Yet, Shakespeare exposes that the pains of human ego are not morally equivalent between these two. Hamlet’s pain and feelings of slight come at the potential truth that his father was murder. His ego is that of a wounded sense of self created out of the anguish he feels in his inability to take deliberate action against Claudius, driven out of the lack of evidence to trulyShow MoreRelated Schools and Education - Understanding the Rise in Apathy, Cheating and Plagiarism3796 Words   |  16 Pagesmakes sense because after the fall of Rome, Western Europe fell into a dark age. Not until the Renaissance do we see another spurt of human ism that marked the great classic periods of Greece and Rome. Before the invention of the printing press, the rise in literacy, and the focus on humans as perfectible creations who can create important works by themselves, there was very little need for authorial ownership. In the Renaissance, associating an author’s name with a work was generally tied to prosecutionRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesHoldt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invitesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills4041 31 Words   |  1617 Pagessolution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall

Work-Life Balance Free Essays

Issues pertaining to work-life balance have become more important in recent years on the part of employers, employers, unions and the government in developed countries. The essay discusses the concept of work-life balance and the reasons why it will benefit the business as well as the employees. It explains the different contributions or roles of the government, labor unions and the government in promoting work-life balance practices. We will write a custom essay sample on Work-Life Balance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly, the essay also discusses some factors that will shape the work-life balance issue in the 21st century. Definition. According to Parkes (2008), work-life balance is an individual’s ability to meet their work and family commitments, as well as other non-work responsibilities and activities. Background and definition about work-life balance Gregory and Milner (2009) mention that work-life balance practices in the workplace are those that increase the flexibility and autonomy of the worker in negotiating their attention or time and presence in the workplace, while work-life balance policies exist where those practices are intentionally designed and implemented. They suggest that priorities of employees to balance their work-life are categorized into three types: working time arrangements, parental leave entitlements, and childcare. Employees have a tendency to express their job satisfaction and organizational commitment whenever these priorities are met through organizational work-life initiatives. Work-life balance is positively associated with the fairness and support of supervisors, understanding of family needs by the organization, and support for activities and responsibilities outside of work (Parkes 2008). The length of hours of work is the most important variables for work-life balance because employees who work fewer hours have higher work-life balance. The primary causes of the imbalance in work, life and family comes much from the social, economic and demographic changes of the society than from the changes in the organizational systems, structures and philosophies. In order to address the growing competition, organizations have adopted various management practices considered important to their survival. These may include performance management and results measuring systems, just-in-time production, reduced lead times, and extended customer service hours (Barrette). These management practices have put additional pressure on employees to increase their work productivity and performance. Furthermore, some employees are obligated to work beyond regular working hours because of market globalization. However, innovations in telecommunications have kept people more connected to their family while simultaneously enabling them to work. Barrette states that the spillover of work into personal life and the overload of work are affecting the time and energy of most employees and have consequences on the health of parents and their families. Job insecurity, unstable employment, the need to extend work hours, the complexity of work roles, and unpredictable work schedules depending on customer demands for increased performance affect the challenge of making a balance between work and family life. Moreover, the shift to a service-based economy from a manufacturing-based economy has changed the conditions and characteristics of work, making it harder to balance work and family (Barrette). Government policy for work-family The Employment Relations Act 1999 in Great Britain establishes the legal minimum requirement for employers with respect to certain rights of employees. The Act includes the provision for maternity leave, conditions under which an employees may be absent for the purposes of caring for a child, and provision relating to time off for dependants (Hogarth, Hasluck Pierre, 2000). Flexible working schedules can give both employers and employees with much needed flexibility to maintain the employment relationship. Hogarth, Hasluck Pierre (2000) mention that there is low incidence of flexible working time arrangements, even flexi time, and a greater proportion of women working with term-time contracts. The flexible working time arrangements and non-standard working times in the country demonstrate the degree of variability of working arrangements in the economy, which are likely to have relevance to work-life balance (Hogarth, Hasluck Pierre, 2000). Policy-makers have widely accepted the work-life balance practices to be positive. Such employment policies, which recognize and take into consideration of the fact that employees have responsibilities beyond the workplace, lead to reductions in employee turnover and skilled employee retention, and increased organizational commitment and loyalty. Employers recognize the business case for achieving a good balance between the demands of work and life (Hogarth, Hasluck Pierre, 2000). Those employees with lower occupational hierarchy are sometimes not eligible for some benefits, like occupational maternity pay, or not aware of relevant organizational policies. The senior or managerial employees are qualified to take advantage of work-life balance practices but may be reluctant to do so because of the perception that may affect their career advancement (Hogarth, Hasluck Pierre, 2000). The government policy for work-family balance in the Netherlands includes a right to parental and other leaves to care for family members, an employee’s right to adjust working time, and an initiative to make it easier for people to combine work and care and to help older workers continue to work as long as possible (Todd). In Sweden, the government also developed legislation that may help employees reduce work-life conflict, particularly for women. These include flexible and extended parental leave benefits, sick leave, flexible working time, and sabbatical leave (Todd). Role of Union in Promoting Work-Family Balance The role of labor union is to improve the working conditions and economic status of workers through collective bargaining agreement with employers. The Trades Union Congress in Great Britain is the one that coordinate and establish policy on behalf of the entire labor movement. The main purpose of unionism in the United States is to maintain craft standards and to prevent employers from employing untrained workers and foreign labor. The European. Unions are more engaged in more partisan political agenda. According to Hyman and Summers (2007), employees do influence work-life balance issues in the financial services sector, and work-life balance initiatives had greater breadth, codification and quality where independent unions were recognized. Unions barely played an important role in the process of introducing and implementing work-life balance policies and that initiatives made by employers often put them in a defensive position (Gregory Milner, 2009). The British unions played a role in collective bargaining on diversity. However, their role is occurring at a time when their influence and capability to act at workplace level is relatively weak. Negotiations over work-life balance by unions in France took place when the process of bargaining decreased working time in the country. Employer-led initiatives gave a room for unions in the country to be involved and to attempt to begin the initiative towards the adoption of employee-friendly policies. Labor market has affected the capacity and means of workers to sustain themselves. While the labor market enables workers to increase their income and their capacity to buy market-based sources of pleasure and support, labor market is also the place where employees exclude their other activities, including private care of their self and others. Several young people desire more time with their parents instead of additional money through more parental work (Pocock, 2006). Some workers are having a hard time to balance work-life. The problem of balancing work-life must be learned in the concept of labor market dynamics and trends in working time. Other problems relating to work-life balance are the changing workplaces, changing values and goals, changing roles, changing support structures, and changing families and households. Provision and benefit that relate with work-family balance from Business. The provisions concerning work-life balance practices provided by employers in Great Britain include statutory leave entitlements, new working parent legislation, flexible working time arrangements, homeworking, maternity rights, paternity leave, time off for dependants, and childcare and other support for working parents (Woodland, Simmonds, Thornby, Fitzgerald, McGee) . The main benefit gained by employers in Great Britain from implementing work-life balance practices is having a happier workforce. Other benefits include increase in employee retention and staff motivation. Employers in the country perceive that work-life balance practices had a positive effect on employee relations, employee motivation and commitment, labor turnover, employee recruitment, absenteeism and labor productivity. Employers who have provision of flexible working time practices and leave arrangements have improved financial performance compared with their competitors who do not have these types of arrangements. Many employers believed that work-life balance practices are more cost-effective amidst concerns regarding staff shortages (Woodland, Simmonds, Thornby, Fitzgerald, McGee). Work-life balance practices in the Europe were established as a result of government legislation and are based mainly on social responsibility. Europe provides a maximum of 48-hour work week to maintain the safety and health of employees. It also offers paternity leave, four weeks mandatory vacation, support for childcare, and telecommuting. Different countries in the European Union adopt more strict regulations on employers which limit their flexibility in offering work-life balance programs. Several companies also experienced remarkable financial benefit as a result of the work-life balance practices. Work-family balance in the 21st century The three trends that will shape the value of work-life balance in the 21st century are the increasing competition, which depends on employee relationships with customers and suppliers in order to become competitive; changing workforce; and the desire to have more balance with work and family. The labor force in the 21st century is more likely to be half female who are managing households and dual incomes out of necessity. The shift in demographic population implies that all people desire flexibility at different points in their working lives (Hutton, 2005). Conclusion The work-life balance approaches of the government, labor unions and businesses are important to employees who are trying to earn a living and at the same time to have quality time with their family. Each of them must cooperate in order to maintain and improve the existing work-life practices for present and future generations, particularly in addressing future labor issues. How to cite Work-Life Balance, Essays

Other Minds Essays - Cognitive Science, Philosophy Of Technology

Other Minds Can I know what another person is thinking or feeling? If so, how? by Tom Nuttall (tutor: Anthony Rudd) The problem of Other Minds is a true philosophical enigma. It is apt to strike children with no philosophical education whatsoever, yet remains intractable to many academics. Broadly speaking, the problem can be divided into three questions. Firstly, how do I come to believe that there are minds in the world other than my own? Secondly, how can I justify my belief that there are minds in the world other than my own? Thirdly, what can I state about the mental states of minds other than my own?. The question we are dealing with here falls largely into the third category, although of course issues relating to the other two will also be involved. Firstly, it is imperative to assert that, in looking for ?knowledge', we are not aiming for logical certainties - we are not aiming to show that any propositions about other minds can be demonstrated with absolute certainty equivalent to that of mathematical truths. Philosophy ever since Descartes has tended to be defined by scepticism: either it aims to produce sceptical theories or it aims to refute them. And sceptics tend towards extremity in their doubts. It must be stated here and now that there are not, and never can be, any theories that prove demonstratively that other minds exist, or that I know others' mental states. This is not what should be aimed at in attempting to solve the problem. As Austin puts it "To suppose that the question ?How do I know that Tom is angry?' is meant to mean ?How do I introspect Tom's feelings?' is simply barking up the wrong gum-tree." Most philosophers agree that their theories only bestow a greater or lesser amount of probability onto statements about other minds (although there are exceptions, e.g. Peter Strawson's attempt to argue transcendentally for the existence of other minds through our own self-consciousness). There have been a number of different attempts to do this. J.S. Mill, who produced the first known formulation of the Other Minds problem, used the so-called ?Argument from Analogy' both to explain how we come to believe in other minds and to justify this belief. Briefly, the argument holds that I am directly aware of mental states in myself, and I am aware of the behaviour of mine that results from and is caused by these mental states. As I can observe similar physical behaviour in others, I draw the analogy that it is caused by the same (or at least similar) mental states to my own. As in all arguments from analogy, I assume that because x is similar to y in some respects, it will be similar in others. So as I know how I behave if I am feeling, say, angry, I assume in someone else's case that his behaviour is an indication of the mental state I call ?anger'. My opinion in this respect is aided by the fact that most humans' behaviour when they claim to be angry is broadly similar. The argument from analogy, also employed by Bertrand Russell in a slightly simplified form, is subject to a devastating criticism. Unlike most analogies, in the case of other minds, there is no conceivable way of verifying the conclusion we make. We have no way of discovering whether someone else is angry or not, and our position means that this is a necessary disadvantage. The only way to have someone else's experiences would to become that person, and in doing that, I would no longer be myself and I would no longer be having someone else's experiences. Thus it is impossible to conceive of any set of experimental circumstances under which I would be able to ascertain whether or not the human who is expressing anger-behaviour really is angry or not. And as Norman Malcolm has pointed out, as there are no conceivable criteria I could use to determine whether someone is angry or not, simply claiming that they are angry is a meaningless statement. Many philosophers, perceiving this fatal flaw in the argument from analogy, have attempted to produce theories on other minds that